A health care system is a collection of numerous distinctive features, with specific economic properties. For instance, patients are free to chose their health care providers in some health care systems, but not in others; health insurers can be forced to provide a single insurance policy to all or they can tailor insurance contracts to meet the specific risk profiles of their insurees; etc. After recognizing the diversity of these distinctive features, this course focuses primarily on the analysis of microeconomics models applied to health economics, with a strong emphasis on applications of industrial organization, contract theory, game theory, and public economics. At each stage and when available, the course provides the links with the empirical validations of the theoretical analyses. The analytical approach of this course ultimately aims at providing the necessary tools to anticipate the possible effects of any given health care policy reform. By dissociating the different effects at work in a health care system analysis, it also helps designing adequate empirical strategies to appreciate the fonctionning of health care systems.